Item List

Frage Thema	Item Text	Antwort Format	Konstrukt	Eingesetzte Kogn Techniken	Ergebnis
	h) Most politicians care only about the interests of the rich and powerful. [Die meisten Politikerinnen und Politiker kümmern sich nur um die Interessen der Reichen und Mächtigen.]	Ja
	i) Poor people should have a greater voice in politics. [Arme Menschen sollten in der Politik mehr Mitspracherecht haben.]	Ja			Three respondents (ID 09, 10, 11) “somewhat agree“ or “strongly agree“ with this statement, twelve respondents “somewhat disagree” or “strongly disagree” and one respondent (ID 08) “neither agrees nor disagrees”. Those who agree with the statement argue that a) those affected, e.g. pensioners, should have a greater voice when it comes to pension reforms (ID 09), b) there should be more referendums in general so that poor people can have as much of an impact as wealthy lobbyists (ID 10), and c), that the government should concentrate more on taking into account the concerns of the poor (ID 11). Respondent 08, who „neither agrees nor disagrees“ thought of actively holding a political office when answering the question and sees no significant difference in the access opportunities to politics between the rich and the poor: „I don’t completely understand the question. Are there differences in how easy it is for the poor and the rich to enter politics? Sure, the rich may have more opportunities just because of their better education. But other than that, I think that if someone wants to start a career in politics, in Germany, he or she can do so even without being wealthy.” (ID 08). Those respondents who disagree with the statement explain that poor people are also often poorly educated and therefore do have the necessary knowledge to decide on political matters competently (ID 03, 12, 15). Others think that neither poverty, nor any other criterion, should lead to preferential treatment (ID 01, 02, 04, 05, 06, 07, 13, 14, 16): “In politics, money rules. But that doesn’t mean that people should be treated preferentially because they are poor. It’s the same as the women’s quota. Either I make it to the top through my performance or not. But not only due to my gender. It would be the same here: Simply because I don’t have money, I would be elevated. I don’t think that’s good.” (ID 04) “I don’t think that fits into a democracy. Everyone has the same right to cast his vote, no matter whether they are poor or rich. Of course the voice of the socially deprived isn’t heard as much, and their interests are not represented as much. But I don’t believe it is right to override democratic principles.” (ID 07) When asked who the respondents understand to be “poor people”, most name unemployed persons as well as people who are reliant on state support, such as Hartz IV recipients (16 mentions), pensioners (6 mentions), people from poorly educated social strata (4 mentions), and the homeless (3 mentions).
	a) Minorities should adapt to German customs. [Minderheiten sollten sich den deutschen Gepflogenheiten anpassen.]	Nein			Three respondents are troubled by the term “Gepflogenheiten” (”customs”, ID 03, 07, 13): “Customs? Are they supposed to wash their car on Saturdays? What even are German customs? I do not like this term at all. It makes me think of old people, who monitor foreigners and moan about.” (ID 03, strongly disagree) “‘Gepflogenheiten’ meaning customs and traditions?” Then I would somewhat disagree. If ‘Gepflogenheiten’ refers to social norms and values, then I would strongly agree.” (ID 07, refused) "What are German customs? Punctuality? Otherwise everyone should live as they please.” (ID 13, somewhat agree).
	b) Immigrants are generally good for Germany’s economy. [Einwanderer sind im Allgemeinen gut für die deutsche Wirtschaft.]	Nein
	c) Germany's culture is generally threatened by immigrants. [Die deutsche Kultur wird durch Einwanderer bedroht.]	Nein			Two respondents (ID 12, 15) “agree somewhat“ with this item, whereas seven “somewhat disagree” (ID 01, 02, 04, 10, 13, 14, 16) and five “strongly disagree” (ID 03, 05, 06, 07, 08). Two respondents (ID 09, 11) cannot answer this item as they perceive the term “threatened” as too strong in this context: “Threatened sounds like blood and thunder. That’s too extreme.“ (ID 09). “Threatened? That doesn’t quite fit the bill, it sounds so dumb. You’re threatened when there is an outbreak of war. If they threaten us with guns, then the term fits, but in this sense it is not a threat.” (ID 11). The respondents (ID 12, 15) who „agree somewhat“ explain their answers as follows: “That’s a major issue. When I look at all those Islamic countries where the men are princes and the women are seen as worthless. If that spills over to us and is adopted, or if a large part of the population thinks like that, I don’t consider that to be good. I don’t want my daughters to be forced to wear a headscarf.” (ID 12) “Here is an example: It is a German custom not to hang out laundry on a Sunday. Since Albanians live alongside us, no one cares about that anymore. But because so many live here now, it can’t be changed. I don’t think it’s right.” (ID 15) Those respondents who „somewhat disagree“ or „strongly disagree“ argue that they perceive immigrants as an enrichment (6 respondents), that it is the Germans themselves who are responsible for the continued existence of their culture (2 respondents) or that the number of immigrants is yet too small to be considered a threat (4 respondents): „There are still too few immigrants for it to be considered a threat to the culture.“ (ID 04) „It’s always up to oneself, up to the German people, whether they let this happen or not. We are ourselves responsible for our traditions.“ (ID 08) „No, first and foremost it is enriched.“ (ID 16) (TP 16) Upon request, five respondents (ID 03, 07, 08, 13, 14) could not imagine a scenario where the German culture could be threatened by immigrants. All other respondents named Islamic influences. In particular, a different perception of gender relations (“I don’t want my daughters to be forced to wear a headscarf.”, ID 12), the marginalization of the majority religion of Christianity (“I’m thinking of debates about the implementation of Islam lessons at school”, ID 04) as well as extremists were classified as (potentially) threatening.
	a) To have been born in Germany.[In Deutschland geboren zu sein.]	Nein			Only three respondents think it is „very important“ (ID 04, 09) or “fairly important” (ID 12) to have been born in Germany to be truly German. While respondent 09 does not further elaborate on her answer, the two other respondents stress the strong influence of one’s surroundings during socialization: “I think it is important to grow into German customs starting from a young age to be a real German.” (ID 04) “I think at the age of 1 to 15, the surrounding environment is very formative. […] You can also see this in the Turks who have been born here – there are many who have been socialized entirely here and who are just as German as others, even if they have a different background.” (ID 12) Five respondents (ID 05, 06, 10, 15, 16) state that it is „not very important”, eight (ID 01, 02, 03, 07, 08, 11, 13, 14), that it is “not important at all” to have been born in Germany to be truly German. These respondents instead offer a number of different characteristics that make someone “truly German”, such as mastery of the German language, being respectful of German legislation and institutions or possessing German virtues.
	b) To have lived in Germany for most of one’s life. [Einen Großteil des Lebens in Deutschland gelebt zu haben.]	Nein
	c) To respect German political institutions and laws.[Die politischen Institutionen und Gesetze Deutschlands zu respektieren.]	Nein
	d) To have German ancestry. [Deutsche Vorfahren zu haben.]	Nein			To have German ancestry is, according to most respondents “not very important” (ID 04, 06, 09, 10, 16) or “not important at all” (ID 01, 02, 03, 05, 07, 08, 12, 13, 14) for being truly German. Respondent 15 thinks it is „fairly important“, while respondent 11 thinks it is “very important”. Both do not explicitly explain their answer choice, respondent 11 however had earlier stated that a true German had German parents. The other respondents explain that having German ancestry is not an essential criterion and instead name those characteristics that they had also listed when asked to describe what made one truly German (Item a).
	a) dass Sie Verantwortung für andere Personen übernehmen müssen	Nein			Bei Item A wird spontan nichts Erwähnenswertes geäußert. Die Testpersonen unterscheiden drei Gruppen von Personen, für die Verantwortung übernommen werden soll. Eine Gruppe stellen studentische Hilfskräfte, Auszubildende und PraktikantInnen dar, die mit den Arbeitsabläufen im Betrieb noch nicht vertraut sind. Bei diesen wird Verantwortung übernommen dafür, dass die gestellten Aufgaben korrekt gelöst werden und sie korrekt in die Arbeitsabläufe eingewiesen werden. Zum Beispiel sagt TP 10: „Ich muss neue Mitarbeiter und Praktikanten anlernen und überwachen“. Die zweite Gruppe umfasst KollegInnen und MitarbeiterInnen. Verantwortung übernehmen wird hier in dem Sinne verstanden, dass man Empfehlungen und Ratschläge gibt, für deren Richtigkeit man sich verantwortlich fühlt („Wenn mich ein Kollege aus einer anderen Abteilung was fragt, wie und ob es geht, dass ich ihm später auch den Rücken freihalte“, TP 12). Die dritte Gruppe, für die einige Testpersonen Verantwortung übernehmen müssen, sind Kunden. Dabei dreht es sich um Verantwortung bei Beratungen sowie bei der Auswahl der passenden Produkte. TP 03 beschreibt dies folgendermaßen: „Und da habe ich die Verantwortung, was ich dem Kunden eben entsprechend verkaufe.“.

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