f. Summarize or display information and data from different sources in tables or graphics. [Informationen und Daten aus unterschiedlichen Quellen in Tabellen oder Grafiken übersichtlich zusammenfassen oder darstellen.]

Nein

The full scale width is also used for this item. A total of eight test persons state that they can summarize or display information and data in tables and graphics, six persons can do so with certain difficulties, three with great difficulties and three test persons state that they cannot do so.

When asked, twelve test persons (TP 01, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20) stated that they had thought of creating tables or graphics themselves when answering:

• "Because I had to work with illustrations and statistics for my final papers in my student days, or I had to create one myself. Then this goes along with the fact that I have to present information in illustrations." (TP 09)
• "I always enjoy doing that. Take stock of who has come to me in practice and I also create graphics myself." (TP 17)

The other eight test persons (TP 02, 03, 04, 10, 11, 12, 13, 18), on the other hand, refer to understanding tables and graphics, i.e. merely receiving them and not actively creating them. "If you are busy reading something like this every day. General graphics and statistics.“ (TP 13)

In general, it is noticeable that the test subjects rarely refer to concrete information or data that are to be summarized or presented, but rather mostly make generalized statements. A total of nine persons (TP 01, 02, 03, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16) state that they have great or certain difficulties with it or are unable to do so because they are not concerned with it or are simply afraid of it:

• "I would have to deal with everything first. Think about it for a moment, but then it should work out." (TP 01, answer: certain difficulties)
• "I am missing an example here. I cannot answer, because there is no example to take away my fear. Then the question wouldn't be so bad either." (TP 10, Answer: great difficulties)
• "Too many tables and graphics. So I assumed directly that I couldn't do it." (TP 12, Answer: I cannot)
• "That sounds so complicated and that's something I don't really like to do. It sounds complicated and you really have to think about what is meant by that." (TP 16, Answer: certain difficulties)

Those test persons (N=8) who state that they can easily master this everyday mathematical activity think of graphics, illustrations or the presentation of statistics in tables:

• "For example, surveys in the university, you also have to present them in tabular form.” (TP 08)
• "For example, I was thinking about complex Excel spreadsheets." (TP 19)

While in items a)-e) an example is given of what is meant by the everyday thematic activity described above, no specification is given here. Apart from test person 10, there is no indication that this omission leads to problems in answering. On the other hand, it is not always understandable why twelve test persons choose answers ranging from "I cannot" to "I can but with certain difficulties". This kind of answering behavior can be based on the fact that they do not deal with the subject matter in everyday life or have little practice, perhaps they do not even need it in everyday life or it is unclear to them what the item is aimed at.

The use of the term "or" in the phrase "tables or graphs" is not perceived as problematic here, rather it appears as a non-exclusive disjunction, i.e. an inclusive "or". This enables the test persons to refer to one of the two aspects or both together. No test person indicates to answer differently for the creation of tables than for graphics.

The item contains several stimuli and is complexly formulated. Many test persons have no concrete idea what it is all about. Therefore the formulation should be simplified, e.g. like this:
"Create your own tables or graphics to summarize or illustrate information from different sources"
[„Eigene Tabellen oder Grafiken erstellen, um Informationen aus unterschiedlichen Quellen zusammenzufassen oder zu veranschaulichen“]

true